Testament (2025): Fire Burns [s1e04]

This post is part of a series looking at Testament. Spoilers throughout

Episode 4 of Testament opens with a warning: "The following episode is about Acts 5:1-10 and contains scenes that some viewers may find difficult to watch". For those who don't know the text well, this might seems like a strange and perhaps intriguing warning at the start of the show. For those who are more familiar with it, it's intriguing for an entirely different reason. The story from Acts 5:1-10 is of Ananias and Sapphira, the couple in Acts who withhold some of their money from the disciples and pay the ultimate price. It's a story that has rarely been covered in biblical films. That's in no small part due the fact that Acts films themselves are none too common, and even more so because what we might mean by an "Acts film" is often a production more specifically about Peter and/or Paul rather than the early church as a whole. 

There are obviously exceptions, from Rossellini's Atti degli apostoli to the more recent A.D.: Kingdom and Empire (aka A.D.: The Bible Continues, 2015). What makes Testament's portrayal so particularly interesting is the way that it tackles what is often referred to as a 'problem text' in such an honest fashion. Typically problem texts in biblical films come with a certain amount of spin. The character who dies, or otherwise suffers, is portrayed as being far worse than they are when you look at the words found in the actual text. This means that when God takes actions that might otherwise seem extreme, the extremity of those things are somewhat mitigated by the behaviour of the character in question. This is something that at least as far back to DeMille's 1923 version of The Ten Commandments where the firstborn son of Pharaoh (destined to die at the end of the plagues) kicks Moses on the shin in one of the preceding scenes.

It would be easy for Testament to do something similar with Annas and Sapphira, perhaps making them otherwise objectionable as characters. Admittedly, they're not the kind of character that I would necessarily warm to, but that feels like it comes down to personal preference. Otherwise, the series plays it fairly straight. They don't do much less or much more than what the text tells us. They sell something, they withhold some of the total, yet still perform an act of incredible generosity, 'perform' perhaps being the operative word.

Perhaps Ananias enjoys the appreciation that comes with his donation a little too much, but again, this hardly seems like a personality flaw that merits him being killed. Moreover, it's Sapphira whose death we actually see. And she is made all the more sympathetic as a result.

The route into this story starts very early on with Peter sat doing the accounts. He's allowing Matthew out to do the preaching for a time, while trying to play a more serious role, not just doing the bits he enjoys (which is clearly preaching) and sharing out some of the less enjoyable responsibilities. Again this is an interesting perspective, recognising that some jobs are perhaps in church life more glamorous than others.

Indeed, this episode does really feel like the kind of lower-middle class, urban, evangelical church environment that you find in places in Britain these days, where some churches really do try and live out the principles we find in the early part of Acts. There's probably a soup kitchen that runs on Tuesday nights and occasionally training days and conferences take place in Barnabas's centre. Someone has a guitar. I feel like I've been in some of these rooms dozens of times.

This closeness to modern day expression of Christianity is also reflected a little in their Christology. There are a couple of moments where their view of who Jesus was and how they should respond to that feels perhaps a little further on than would have been the case. For example, in the penultimate scene Peter describes Jesus saying "our saviour is not just a man, he is God". There are faint touches of this in the later Gospels, but it's not clear that the disciples had worked all these things out so soon after his resurrection.

This idea about Jesus being fully equal with God is perhaps a little bit early. Likewise, we're introduced to a child character in this episode, Malachi, who is assigned to Stephen, perhaps as a way of keeping Stephen in the plot, but also away from the glare of the Ananias and Sapphira episode. Malachi was left at the centre by his mother for a week and has been acting up. 

Stephen is brought in as someone who is "good with kids" and tries to see through Malachi's mischievous behaviour to the hurting child behind it all. It also allows Stephen to reflect on his own relationship with his own mother – the two of them are still estranged from episode 1. Malachi's arc feels a little bit trite and clichéd, it's certainly not to the standard that we've come to expect from the show so far, but he's been impressed by what he's seen about this man he doesn't know, Jesus, or as he calls him, "that person everyone's been singing about". Again, the question of whether the followers of Jesus were worshipping him with songs at this stage in the church development is open to some debate. 

But then the show both demonstrates within itself that time is moving on. There's been a bit of a jump between episode three and four. The centre is now fully up and running and has been for a little while and fully in use. There are other indications too that time has passed. Mara's punishment is coming to a close. Saul is still in the records room but it's clear he's been there for some time. In his interview with Peter Chataway, director Paul Syrstad explains that they're trying to give a sense of these events taking place over many years even if the full 30 years isn't going to be an option. Ageing actors by that much is expensive, an the just don't have the budget. 

Speaking of Mara, it's interesting to see her character arc develop significantly in this episode. It turns out I was completely wrong about her, almost comically so. Previously I had wondered whether she was a spy masquerading as a follower of Jesus, or a would be follower of Jesus masquerading as a spy. By the end of the episode here her cards are very much on the table. She is opposed to the Jesus movement and an ally, if not a provocateur, of Saul. They both wish to take a more radical line with this new movement than is perhaps being proposed by the others among the temple authorities. 

Mara's duplicity as a spy is paralleled with that of Ananias and Sapphira. The two storylines are intercut as they are getting their moment in the limelight. Elsewhere Mara, who is known as Naomi when she is amongst the Christians. This is a sort of twisty reference to the Book of Ruth where Naomi changes her name to Mara – meaning bitter – when she finds herself back in Bethlehem mourning her family (Ruth 1:19-21). 

Here, it is Susanna who calls her out for not being genuine and warns her, just as events are playing out with Ananias and Sapphira. Susanna refers to the story of Aaron's sons Nadab and Abihu in Leviticus 10:1-3 who God also killed for a minor infraction. And this is offered, perhaps as the show's only attempt to offer some kind of wider context to the awful and seemingly unjustified punishment meted out on Ananias and Sapphira. 

If I was wrong about Mara's feelings towards the Jesus movement being ambivalence, then Gamaliel's arc seems to go full circle at this point. At the start of the episode it looks like he is being uncharacteristically tough on the followers of Jesus, relative to how he is portrayed in the Book of Acts itself (5:33-39). Whereas, there he is a little more que sera sera, here we see him talking to other characters within the hierarchy, talking about using other methods to stop the church's advance.

It may not be upfront, confrontational action to hem them in, but it nevertheless feels like it's coming from a strong dislike of them and their movement. But is it, because later in the episode, Gamaliel follows John to the Mount of Olives and the Garden of Gethsemane (in their modern day London equivalents). He too seems to have some ambivalence about the movement.

John is naturally suspicious. But Mara / Naomi, also witnesses this and then reports it back to Saul. And this perhaps will go some way to explaining the way that their initial closeness, i.e. Paul studying under Gamaliel's (Acts 22:3), ultimately results in their very different approaches to the early Jesus movement – Gamaliel's laissez-faire versus Paul's outright hostility and persecution. 

Saul is also experiencing difficulties with another member of the Jewish hierarchy, one of a similar age, training and at similar points in their careers. I got the feeling that Saul and this character were rivals, but with only very slightly different outlooks. Having completed their training they see each other as rivals for getting the bigger jobs within the temple hierarchy. Nevertheless, there's clearly a similarity but also a kind of petulant rivalry there, perhaps as best indicated by this man firstly mocking Saul for being restricted to the library, and then petulantly flicking the pages of his notepad, as he walks away. 

So even from the little we've seen, it seems like one of those "frenemies" relationships such as Legolas and Gimli. Were Saul and this man to find themselves stuck together trying to save Middle Earth from destruction, they too would probably go through a story arc of initial hostility eventually giving way to the gradual realisation that they are quite similar to each other. 

Now at first I misheard this new character's name and thought it was Annas. Naturally, I suspected this night be a reference to Annas either the father-in-law of the high priest Caiaphas (implying an older man than is portrayed here), or his son Annas ben Annas who might be a similar age to Saul as this character is. But then I saw from IMDb that the character is called Ananias – another one! Presumably, then, this man will go on to be the disciple in Damascus who prays with Saul when he first starts to follow Jesus. This makes a lot more sense. It also adds a bit of extra depth to what the Bible tells us about this second Ananias (who is presumably brought in at this stage to make it clear two characters have the same name but are different, and to draw a few other parallels) and will add extra flavour when Saul has to rely on Ananias to help him when he stumbling about with temporary sight loss.

Given that Saul is also about to go and go a future change, it's also interesting seeing a little bit more backstory about him and his mother. At the start of the episode we see him having nightmares about her (and about meeting Peter). And I guess there's some pairing here with Stephen, who also is feeling his mother's absence, and his mother is clearly feeling similarly. In fact, we see James go and speaks to her to try and heal that rift by letting her know that Stephen is missing her.

So it's an interesting episode. One line that particularly stood out for me as perhaps summing things up is said by Susannah to Mara, "Come as who you really are". It will be interesting to see how that theme develops through the next few episodes.

Testament (2025): One Accord [s1e03]

This post is part of a series looking at Testament. Spoilers throughout

It's hard to think of another episode of a TV show that introduces quite so many new characters as "One Accord" -- the third episode of Testament. Of course, some of the characters are not so much new as re-imagined. Most people watching the show will know about (Pontius) Pilate and (Herod) Agrippa who appear in the early scenes. Both deviate slightly from the norm, and in a good way. 

Pilate is certainly tougher in many Jesus films (looking at you The Chosen) and there's a sense of everyone around him, including his "high minister" Caiaphas, being slightly in fear of how he will react to any given scenario and a nervousness about his mere return to the capital hangs over the entire episode. He may have seen military action, he may not, but people jump to attention when he orders them to do something.

For his part, Agrippa is physically quite slight, and much less camp, than most of his previous on-screen counterparts. This modern reincarnation has significantly cut down on jewellery and silks. There's still a sense of irresponsibility, privilege and a love of the high life. He's an essentially non-serious character. He has the air of someone who went to a leading British public school and appears on their alumni page even though he's not really done much with his life.

Then there are the characters who have been in the background up to this point in the series, but really come into their own in this episode. Susanna who is starting to get her voice heard among the followers as well as giving support to Mary; Matthew taking over the accounts following Judas' demise; Thomas, who gets to give his side of the story for a change, to Stephen (pictured above) who is a little wary following last episode's conversation with Caleb; and Mara whose motives are seeming decidedly mixed. Mara's there to spy for Saul, but there's a sense in which she is starting to get drawn in. 

Finally there are the characters from around the peripheries of the Gospels who make their first, but no doubt their last appearances in today's episode. The two most obvious ones are Joanna, who in the Bible is married to Chuza, one of Herod's servants. Having provided Jesus with financial support in the Gospels (Luke 8:3), we learnt in episode two that her ability to support the rapidly expanding Jesus movement is faltering. Now we actually meet the women herself as a servant around Herod's table. Whether we will see her with the apostles at any point remains to be seen.

And then there is Barnabas, who makes a memorable appearance in the closing moments of the episode following a brief scene early on. He first crops up in Acts 4:36-7 and goes on to play a fairly key role in Acts and we get the same elements here -- he makes a sizeable financial contribution and is renamed by the apostles (here just Peter) for being an encourager. It was all the more memorable for me because Barnabas bears some physical resemblance to a bouncer / fixer in the previous scene .

I find these scenes, exploring the practicalities behind Jesus' followers pooling their money, fascinating. This is rarely explored much in other productions. For one thing that's a tendency which goes back to Luke himself. He introduces passages such as Acts 2:42-47 and  Acts 4:32-37 which talk about the disciples selling their possessions and sharing the proceeds, but really just uses them as summary section breaks before moving on to the next act in the story.

Here, though, the series really gets into what that might mean in practical terms. We see them selling their belongings from smaller items at the markets and car-boot sales through to the sons of Zebedee selling their entire business. We even see Andrew's failed attempt to raise a few pounds (?) by flogging his rundown fishing boat. And then there's Barnabas using his wealth more strategically to meet their growing needs.

There are a few other moments that really grabbed my attention. In particular a momentary encounter (pictured above) between Saul and Peter (unable to hold off preaching even for a few days). Both men are being held in check by others in their wider communities. Jesus' other disciples (championed by an increasingly cautious and unyielding Simon Z) seem to want to lay low while Pilate is in town, but Peter insists they should continue. "It is literally what Jesus told us to do". Saul is soon to be told by Gamaliel "your recklessness will be your undoing" who pressures him into taking a more clerical role for a short while to allow things to blow over.

While Peter has sort of agreed not to continue preaching, he continues with low level preaching to small crowds in alley ways. And it's there that he and Saul make eye contact for the first time. Saul commands him to stop. Peter sprints off. A chase ensues. It's not how either man is typically portrayed, but again it underlines in a way that so few Acts films have done, the urgency of what's a stake, and the passion and compulsion that is felt on both sides. Saul's other scene which is heavy on the dramatic licence is a scene where he visits Jesus' now empty tomb. He meets one of the "sentinels" who had been assigned to guard it, still processing some kind of shock and apparently seeking to do so with alcohol. I like the way Paul flashes his Imperium citizenship card at this point, not least because he has the sentinels spear mere centimetres from his face when he does so.

And then there's Mary, putting herself at risk in a quite different way from her male counterparts. For Peter and the others, it's the risks of preaching with words. For her it's preaching with actions. There's a suggestion that she has been involved in sex work in the past (which in some ways is a little disappointing), but here for once, that world is portrayed as exploitative, where women are often vulnerable, at risk from violent men and frequently short on options. Mary rescues an addict called Dana, not a name from the New Testament as far as I'm aware, but it will be interesting to see if it's some kind of twist on a biblical character nevertheless.

Testament (2025): The Fishermen [s1e02]

Spoilers throughout. Image source: KOVA Releasing

Episode 2 of Testament is called “The fishermen” and it opens in the immediate aftermath of Caleb getting healed, and with Peter and John’s preaching getting them arrested. The term “The fishermen” is used here quite casually, as if it’s still in formation. It’s used once almost as a term for the twelve, and once as a slightly tighter way of grouping together Peter, James, John and Andrew (who wears an appropriately nautical Aran sweater from the first scene to the last).

As with the opening episode there’s as much focus on the goings on within the temple establishment as with the disciples. The news of the miracle, and the return of their Jesus problem, is causing a good deal of consternation. My friend Peter Chattaway has a great interview with Testament’s director Paul Syrstad where they go into the fact that Caiaphas getting surprised that stories about "that dead imposter" are cropping up again just as he was beginning to think they’d gone away.

Caiaphas' main concern seems to be that Pilate will find out and come down hard. Pilate doesn’t know about this new set of stories about Jesus. “He can’t find out that we have a rumoured resurrected messiah on the loose gathering a following" Caiaphas hisses at one point "He’ll think they’re building an army”. Is this why we see one of his staff among the new followers of Jesus? Or is it a sign that even within the temple some are starting to reject the party line.

Not that the party line as we might suspect given the way the temple hierarchy is often portrayed. For example, it’s good to see Gamaliel among the temple authorities, not only offering a Pharisaic perspective but also bringing a more relaxed approach to the problem. One of the things this show has done well (so far) is portraying varying responses and motives within the temple hierarchy.

It’s also interesting seeing them acknowledging their differing perspectives with the kind of jokey teasing you find in these kind of contexts. “Ah Gamaliel, thinking of joining us?” one of the Sadducees asks. “Maybe in the next life” he retorts. It’s a nice piece of writing, which breathes life into these relationships and makes them feel more real. It gives that sense that they speak together often to get business done, rather than conveying the information in a way that feels more expositional. It shows a confidence among the writers that they don't feel they have to explain every single thing for the viewer.¹

Another example of this might be there comments about the continuing unexplained absence of Joseph of Arimathea. I'm assuming this is a plot point that’s going to re-emerge later in the series, but it's happy to let the audience to wait before it unpacks everything that such a teaser provides.

Meanwhile, slightly on the outside of the temple clique, Saul is stirred by Caleb's healing, his agitation driving him to further bout of furious studying. Eventually he hears about Peter and John's release and charges off in a burst of zealoty fury. 

Having brought Saul in from the start (as a way in to the characters in the temple), there's something of a gap between these early chapters of Acts and when Saul pops up in the text. So it's nice to see the writers filling this gap by developing the world around Saul/Paul that's only hinted about in the New Testament. The most obvious example of this so far is the appearance of Saul’s sister and her son, whom we know about from Acts 23:16.

Perhaps with greater significance to the rest of the show, there's also a visual suggestion that Saul is suffering with some kind of pain or other affliction in his head. It seems like something more than his typically uptight personality. Is this a reference to Paul's "thorn ...in the flesh" that he mentions in 2 Cor 12:7? I can't imagine it's a reference to the idea that Paul's vision of Jesus was down to something like temporal lobe epilepsy, though it would certainly be intriguing if it were.²

Down in the cells, Peter's also seems to be suffering. If the clues for Paul's physical affliction were visual, the indicators regarding Peter's issues are both auditory and visual. We get to hear inside his head (a point of sound shot) the muffled sounds of other people in the room talking, which Peter is unable to decipher. Is he undergoing a panic-attack here? Certainly it seems stress-induced. Moreover, a visual indication of his stress is given by a flashback to the courtyard of the High Priest and his denying he knew Jesus on the eve of his crucifixion. 

This nicely tees up his later speech in front of the council. There can be an assumption that having been restored, on the beach, after the resurrection, in John 21, everything was plain sailing for Peter, particularly after the outpouring of the Holy Spirit in Acts 1. What this scene does is humanise Peter, because even if he no longer carries the guilt of his denial, he still has to overcome the fear that lead him to deny Jesus in the first place, and this time it's in front of the High Priest himself, not just his servants. And perhaps his subsequent burst of confidence and speech in front of the bench is the biggest story of what happens in this episode.

There are a few other points I wanted to make. Firstly, I think Mary Magdalene already establishing herself as my favourite character, with her calm rational head and her ability to persuade her more hot-headed male colleagues to see sense. There are hints of her former life here as well, though I'm a little unclear whether the implication is of some form of drug addiction or something else.

The show also does something interesting with the man who Peter healed, Caleb. We know from other shows how these characters are meant to react with unbridled joy and devotion. Yet we also know from the Bible that despite many people being healed by him on numerous occasions, only 120 were left in the upper room in Jerusalem. Caleb's reticence to get into trouble by joining the fledgling movement (“I’m not prepared to throw my new life away on somebody I don’t know!”) is a realistic reminder that Acts depicts following Jesus as a costly enterprise.

Yet the disciples – even without Peter and John's prompting – decide to take on an additional cost: funding the ongoing work by selling everything. I like that there's a reference to Joanna's previous funding of Jesus' ministry, but I didn't catch a reference to Mary Magdalen doing this. Still this decision to go all in (a principle I've always found challenging and which seems sadly forgotten among most within the church's present incarnation) as well as the news of John and Peter's release lead to jubilation. The episode closes with a bouncing huddle of fishermen, barbers and new followers in the dark singing at the top of their voices.³

You can watch my interview with director Paul Syrstad, and the actors playing Saul (Eben) and Stephen (Charlie Beavan) on YouTube.
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1 - For those who are unsure what this means, the Sadducees of Jesus’ day are thought not to have a belief in the afterlife, whereas Pharisees did.
2 - See for example D. Landsborough's "St Paul and temporal lobe epilepsy" Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery and Psychiatry. 1987 Jun, 50(6):659-64, available online at https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC1032067/pdf/jnnpsyc00553-0001.pdf.
3 - Despite several attempts I couldn't decipher all the lyrics here. All I got was  “The kings and the rulers are/we’re(?) together once again, against the LORD,,,". Can anyone fill in some of the blanks?

Testament (2025): Something New [s1e01]

Over the years there have been several attempts to adapt the Book of Acts; a number of modernised biblical narratives; and a handful of British biblical films, but never (as far as I'm aware) an attempt to combine all three.

Into that void steps Testament, a new streaming series from Angel Studios, directed by Paul Syrstad, who directed 2022’s The Parables Retold. The series relocates the story of the birth of the early church in what is almost, but not quite, the modern day. The events of this first episode take place in a city called Salem, which on the one hand evokes Jerusalem, but also draws on the atmosphere of the London locations where it was shot, and the accents of its predominantly British cast.

Yet it’s also not quite the modern world as we know it. For one thing, the Roman Empire never fell and has come to be known as the Imperium. For another, Jesus is not a figure from the ancient past, but from just weeks before the story is set. There are other details that are different in this new world as well: the temple never fell, and remains an important seat of power within Salem, ever under the watchful eye of the Imperium; and the digital revolution is yet to take place — there are no smart phones, messaging and internet surveillance.

The resulting atmosphere feels a little like what might have emerged if Mike Leigh had directed His Dark Materials. Its sense of otherness and that gateway alternative possibilities opening up in the midst of inner-city council flats. Syrstad has spoken of how the show’s Brutalist architecture “doubles down on the Imperium regime and the oppression that was being felt”.¹ It’s a world not of tunics and sandals, but of grimy blocks of flats and people living on the edge.

Among those living on the edge is Stephen who becomes homeless after a disagreement with his mother early on in this opening episode. By introducing Stephen earlier in the story than he appears in The Acts of the Apostles, the show uses him as one of the audience’s ‘ways-in’ to the story. We very much see the unfolding events from his perspective, as an outsider being drawn into a nascent movement. He senses something has changed, he experiences it even, and yet he’s still trying to explain it and grasp some sense of what’s happening.

This is quite a bold creative decision, because it leaves the audience (initially at least) on the outside too. We’ve not experienced what Stephen has, so it leaves us in a more curious, more dispassionate place. And it follows on the heels of a number of other significant choices, most notably to leave Jesus himself not only off camera, but entirely absent (physically, at least). Moreover the focus is not so much on his disciples, at least in this initial episode. They are strangers to Stephen, his curiosity combines with a certain wariness on his part, and ours too. For the audience, our distance from the crucial events that underpin the story’s is only increased by the camera cutting away just as Peter’s Pentecost sermon begins. Stephen hears it and is drawn in, but we are going to be made to wait to find out what has happened.

Stephen is not the only character who’s introduced earlier in Testament than in Acts as a way of bringing the audience into the midst of some of the story’s key players. We’re also introduced to Saul and his mentor Gamaliel amid the inner workings of the temple elite. Saul has a passionate heart and a steely look in his eye that seems so innate that it will be fascinating to see how this develops as the series goes on. Gamaliel’s affable, laid-back persona seems critical here too. Each member of the temple authorities has a different approach and Gamaliel’s more conciliatory nature adds some crucial depth to what might otherwise revert to a rather one dimensional portrayal of the apostles’ opponents.

So the scene is set for what looks like it will be an interesting series. Syrstad and his co-writers Faith Syrstad and Kenneth Omole have managed to fashion a world that feels real and create a scenario that has avoided some of the potential pitfalls of their chosen source material. Moreover the show feels like it’s more interested in exploring the text than serving up pat answers. This is not a sequel to The Chosen, but translated into the modern era. It has its own artistic vision and deserves to be treated on its own terms.

Testament is available on the Angel website and app from 8th June (subscription required).

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1. "Testament director Paul Syrstad on the problems with filming the book of Acts." - interviewed by me, on my YouTube channel.

I dieci gladiatori (Ten Gladiators, dir: Gianfranco Parolini, 1963)

I actually sat down to watch I dieci gladiatori thinking it was a non-biblical Italian peplum as part of my research into Italian cinema. Having seen a lot of the biblical pepla, I've been feeling the need to ensure I understand the broader context. Imagine my surprise then when it began to emerge, even as early as the credits, that this was, if not a full blown New Testament film, it was at least a partially blown Roman-Christian epic.

The first clues are laid down during the credits sequence which indicates its determination to grab onto the coat tails of Quo Vadis (1951 but possibly 1913 also). Not only does it star Dan Vadis as the leading gladiator Roccio, but the filmmakers even seem to choose Vadis-esque English names for some of the other cast members, such as Susan Paget, Margaret Taylor (eerily similar to the stars of Quo Vadis, Deborah Paget and Robert Taylor). Neither name appears in the IMDb credits, which supports my suspicion that they were just featured so prominently to catch a glimmer of Quo Vadis's glamour.

The similarities with Mervyn LeRoy's 1951 epic only deepen the film continues. After some opening fight scenes between the titular ten and various Roman soldiers we're introduced to Nero and realise that while Gianno Rizzo's performance is a little more restrained it's only a matter of time before Rome begins to burn and the finger of suspicion falls on the Christians.

While none of the main characters are Christians we do get another staple of the Roman-Christian genre, a scene of a church meeting in the catacombs (pictured above). This is all part of plot by one of Nero's advisors Tigellinus to frame, and thus eliminate another, Lucio Vero. Vero, played by director Gianfranco Parolini himself, is a pagan (half way between Vadis's Marcus Vinicius and Spartacus's Crassus). Tigelinus and his men drag him to the catacombs and then accuse him of being a Christian so he ends up in the arena.

But there is the tantalising shot above of this church meeting. We're not told who this man is, but the implication (based on how the equivalent scene is put together in Vadis) that this is if not actually St. Peter, someone that will make you think of Peter. Perhaps a leader in Peter's mould.

The other thing that is interesting about this scene is the dialogue. The snippet of the church service we hear says (according to the subtitles) "Our consciences are full of our sins. And even if one day we still fall prey to human violence, we have to accept this violence." It doubtless sounds better in Italian, but it's not something that seems particularly reminiscent of anything. More interesting is Tigellinus's withering comment afterwards, "Filthy bums who worship a thief who died on a cross". Even on the lips if an enemy of Rome that's quite a shocking for an Italian film to say about Jesus. Remember Pasolini had been prosecuted for La Ricotta's lack of reverence to Jesus just a few months before

But there's another strange thing about the films portrayal of Christians. Later as a group of Christians are about to be sent into the arena we see another church-type meeting, again being led by an older man with white hair (above). Here the arrangement of the characters is less formal (more of a circle than in rows facing him as before) and he's speaking as the camera pans by, but it's a different man, (although, even more than before, he resembles Vadis's Finlay Currie). Is either man meant to be St. Peter? Are they meant to be te same man or not?

But perhaps the most explicitly Christian image of the film comes after this arena scene (which leads to the burning of Rome) Seeking to blame the Christians, Nero starts rounding them up and persecuting them. Caught up in proceedings is Roccio's friend Livia (it's a bit ambiguous whether the two are, or have been, lovers, or if they're just good friends). And so Nero and starts tying them and her to crosses and torturing them and so we get the rather striking image below.

Dieci gladiatori was released as Ten Desperate Men at one stage in the United States. It's super camp and there's a too much gymnastics, body oil and beef cake on display to give much weight to the proceedings even with some fairly graphic (for the time) on display. This gives the film a rather uneven feel, it almost feels like two different films. The ten gladiators seem far closer in spirit to the merry men in The Adventures of Robin Hood (1938) than the comrades in arms in Spartacus (1960). Those parts are fun, but seem so alien to today's portrayal of men in historical epics. On the other hand, the body count is quite high and the implied violence combines with the onscreen violence to bring a dark edge to proceedings. Nevertheless, the scenery looks good and the costumes, (aside from being a little skimpy) look splendid.

This mix of men pals and and even mix of violence, fun and gymnastics is not unusual for Parolini. Six years later he directed a war movie called 5 per l’inferno (Five for Hell) which featured soldiers with a number of gimmicks. He's best remembered though for directing two of the Sabata trilogy starring Lee van Cleef. The same year as 10 Gladiators, he also directed Maccabean epic Il vecchio testamento (The Old Testament), his second film with a somewhat misleading, biblical-sounding title following Sansone (1961).

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If you want to see this film, it's currently available to view with subtitles on Peplum Paradise's channel on YouTube. They've upscaled it which is gives a cleaner version of the film than has previously been available, (It does mean that some of the screen grabs I've used from the film look a little bit odd if you look too closely).

The Chosen: Last Supper - Part 3 [s5e06-08] (2025)

 

I saw the third and final part of The Chosen: Last Supper last night and I have a very narrow window in which to post some comments so I'm, just going to post some initial thoughts under sub-headers and get through as many as I can in the available time. There's good, bad and some, well, ugly stuff in this episode so this will be a bit of a mix. Spoilers throughout.

Structure

Episode 6 picks up from the dramatic reappearance of Nicodemus at the end of the last episode. We also get to meet the man who has previously been dubbed "The Watcher" and it turns out he's called Matthias. Those familiar with the book of Acts will know that this is the name of the man chosen to replace Judas, so this is inevitably the same character. As before the opening scene starts at the Last Supper, showing the segment from John's Gospel than leads up to the passage that episode 5 began with.

 

Episode 7 then starts with the scene before that in John's Gospel where Jesus arrives and starts washing the disciples feet. Those of us who were disappointed that The Watcher didn't turn out to be Mark have a treat in store because we do get to meet Mark. The main part of the episode joins up the gap between where the last episode ended and where this one begins. It's the join between the intro sections (which have been telling the last part of the story backwards and the main section which has been moving forwards. In between we get to see several of the disciples remembering their lives shortly before Jesus called them.

Episode 8 now abandons this structure. We instead start with a flashback to Jesus calling Thaddeus – his first follower – on a building site near Bethsaida. The main story progresses to the Garden of Gethsemane and Judas kissing Jesus on the cheek having just arrived with a cohort of temple guards and officials.

Flashbacks

The Chosen has often used flashbacks, often back more than 1000 years into the Hebrew Bible, sometimes into scenes from minutes ago. We've also had several scenes showing how disciples came to be disciples, particularly those of Peter, Matthew and Zee (Simon the Zealot). But some of those other disciples we've never really seen how they came to meet Jesus, particularly Little James and Thaddeus. We've learnt a little about Little James, because he has had conversations with Jesus about his disability and how he himself has not been healed, but some of the others have been mysteries.

Here some of these stories are finally revealed and in glorious black and white as well. As I think I've admitted before, I am a sucker for black and white photography. I know it sounds pretentious, but I genuinely have to counterbalance my own love of black and white films when I review them because they appeal to me so much. And these sections were lush. The one of Simon the Zealot heroically trying to save two younger zealots only to discover he has sent them to their deaths is heartbreaking. Those about Big James and then of Andrew and Philip really stood out as well. 

 

Big James' was first such that I was so busy enjoying the filmstock that I don't recall the details. Andrew and Philips comes together as they are on the road with John the Baptist and the line about making the paths straight finally comes out. Little James we see how his dreams of becoming a singer in the temple are dented by his mentor and then he meets Thaddeus and Jesus on the road. 

 

Anyway these sections are beautiful to look at and on that level I enjoyed them, but to be honest after the first few they began to drag a bit and feel a bit like they were being dragged out a bit. The feeling, for me at least, was not unlike those episode you occasionally used to get of Friends or The Simpsons where they'd just assemble a bunch of clips from previous shows together and film and opening scene, a closing scene and a couple of link shots.... and yet this was new material. Personally I think it might have been better if these scenes had eeked out a long the way, a little as happens in season 1 of Lost (which I've just started watching). Perhaps with the flashbacks this season has a few too many structural gimmicks going on already but either at least one of these sequences should either have been cut or brought into an earlier episode, because they are beautiful and moving, but the effect started to wear thing quicker than it should have.

Gethsemane

The scenes in the Garden of Gethsemane take up most of episode 8 so there are a number of points I want to make about it. Firstly, this is one of the few on-screen biblical adaptations to include all three of the cycles of Jesus praying and then finding the disciples that we find in Matthew and Mark, but not in Luke or John where they abbreviate down to just one cycle. This is a continuation of how this series has tended to be structured with John's account of Holy Week being covered in the pre-credits sequences, and the Synoptic take on the last days leading up to Jesus' death being covered in the main section of each episode.

Secondly, easily the most striking element of this cycle, and certainly the one that is boldest visually is that of Jesus walking through Ezekiel's valley of dry bones (Ezekiel 37). This is the third of three visions that Jesus has (one for each cycle of praying & sleeping disciples, I think . The other are of Abraham and Isaac en route to the aborted sacrifice; and of his father Joseph, who hugs him). I have a vague memory of this scene from another production, but I can't quite remember where (2013's The Bible? This is what you get in a quick post like this one!). Anyway, it's a very striking, even if something about it feels a little off. It's interesting too that this non-biblical meeting with a past prophet – Ezekiel – gets included, but the transfiguration wasn't included (which I can understand).

 

Finally, what I really liked in these scenes were the visual references (conscious or otherwise) to previous artistic takes on these moments. This is partly because last weekend I got to go to the National Gallery and witness some of these amazing paintings, but their influence has definitely been passed down and seems to pop up here. Some of these are about the large rock that Jesus clings too. Othes are more to do with the disciples lying prone, deep in sleep. In particular, Andrea Mantegna's "The Agony in the Garden" (1455-6) and Giovanni Bellini's "The Agony in the Garden" (~1458-60), but possibly Ferrarese's "Jesus in the Garden of Gethsemane" (16th century?) and Jacopo Tintoretto's "Prayer in the Garden of Gethsemane" (1543-4) as well. I have a feeling there's at least one more of these, but don't have time to search for it right now.

Mark

I was really pleased to see Mark get an appearance as he only rarely makes it into Jesus films and what an appearance it was! I think most normal people found the Gethsemane scenes the most emotional, but for me the closest I was to tears was during the opening moments of episode 2. There we meet a young man, a mid-teenager, really, meticulously laying out the venue in which so much of the season has taken place: the upper room. 

 

From a conversation he has with his dad we learn that Mark has incredible visions. It was one of them which brought them to Jerusalem and to buy this very house after an earlier vision of that very room and now he has had another one. Or should we say three, because on top of a repeat of his vision of the room all laid out and being used for this meal, he has also had one of him carrying water to the well and one of his father in conversation with two men making arrangements for their master.

I don't know whey I'm so moved by this. It is an interesting plot device as well as further way of arguing for the reliability of the Gospels. According to The Chosen not only are Matthew and John literate scribes who write down everything as it happens (and Matthew has perfect recall due to his ASD), but now we find Mark as another eye witness who may not have been a disciple, but met them and knew them, but who also has special visions, presumably from God. It's an interesting and fun piece of dramatic licence, but it is notable how these moments all tend to point in the same way.

Anyway, this guy Mark is probably going to turn up at the very start of season 6 and I suspect will be losing some clothing shortly thereafter. (I'm not a mystic, it's just a popular interpretation of Mark 14:51-2)

The worst antisemitic stereotype yet

I didn't really want to lead with this, but I have to say that one scene towards the start of episode 6 absolutely appalled me. The first antisemitic racist insult I ever heard was at school. It was about Jews being "tight-fisted", money-grabbing, ridiculously reluctant to spend, or save money. It's an age old, very much Christian, slur about the Jewish people going back to the medieval times when, barred from most professions by the authorities (including the church) some of them managed to survive by doing work Christians at the time were forbidden from doing handling and investing money. Once some Jewish people succeeded at it, they got a name for it, and then envious Christians turned it into an insult and came up with all kinds of slurs to explain away their success.

And now here we are, hundreds of years after these stereotypes emerged and probably 40 years after I first heard the insult at school, in a time that we have otherwise (thankfully) largely left behind recycling racist slurs and what do we get? We get Judas and Caiaphas haggling obsessively over how much money Judas will get for betraying Jesus.. I can't say it's the first Jesus film to show this, but certainly the vast majority have the cultural awareness, the decency maybe, or at the very least the common sense not to recycle old racist stereotypes about Jewish people. 

I'm sure some will probably wish to defend this so allow me to say a little more. Firstly, this is not anywhere in the Bible. Of the four Gospels, John (who does call Judas a thief, 12:6) doesn't even mention an exchange of funds. All three of the Synoptics mention an exchange of money, but only Matthew gives the 30 pieces of silver detail. None mention any form of discussion over the fee.

The two characters in the haggling scene matter too. Judas is significant because he became (in later Christian tradition) especially associated with the Jews. Bizarrely many came to think of the majority of the disciples as not Jewish, but Judas retained that cultural identity. He became seen as typical of them. Then, of course, there is Caiaphas, who was, in many people's minds the leader of the Jews and therefore also, in a sense, a representative of the Jews. 

Honestly, I cannot for the life of me work out how this got past the advisory committee, and frankly, the fact that it did it seems to undermine the advisory board's very existence. Is it doing anything other than providing intellectual cover? Have there been any scenes at all that they have successfully vetoed? Honestly Dallas Jenkins and the other writers and producers need to take a long hard look at themselves, and perhaps the odd history book, because this is not acceptable and frankly I now have serious concerns about how season 6 is going to play out.

Final points

It's a shame to end on such a negative note and there are some more areas I'd like to talk about but I don't have time to discuss, the middle class nature of most of the disciples that emerges from all those flashbacks. Perhaps Is should have caught them earlier? I was also interested by the way that Jesus actually wears some headgear in his flashback scene. I'm not quite sure what to make of the fact that this is almost the only occasion we've seen this (was it just to avoid continuity issues with his shorter hair in the first season? Or a sign that he put off something when his ministry began. Also what is with Nicodemus' crime-movie string board?

Anyway, let me know what you made of it all in the comments.

The Chosen: Last Supper - Part 2 [s5e03-05] (2025)

Part 1 of The Chosen: Last Supper proved so popular in the UK that theatres agreed to give parts 2 and 3 a limited cinema run here as well. Each part is 3 episodes rolled into one, so there's quite a lot to get into. I'm going to say that there are spoilers throughout as I didn't say that about my review of part 1, but then someone said they did consider what I wrote to be in that ball-park, so I thought I'd declare it up front and then I can talk about what I want.

As with part 1 (my review), each of the three episodes has a pre-credits sequence which begins with a section of The Last Supper, organised Memento-style, so that it starts with the final section and then – at the beginning of the next episode – leaps back to the section before it. Meanwhile, the normal timeline progresses as it did before, such that here, when we jump back to the 'present day' we're back in the temple courts in the aftermath of Jesus turning over the tables.

The three episodes in Part 2 here map out as follows: The first episode (episode 3) revolves around Jesus in conflict with members of the Sanhedrin and the end of his public ministry. The next section (episode 4) is much more behind the scenes, particularly with Jesus' followers as the group return to Bethany and among the Jewish authorities in Jerusalem who disagree as to Jesus and how he should be treated. The final segment (episode 5) sees the return to Jerusalem, Judas' continuing uncertainty and Caiaphas trying to engineer a solution to his Jesus problem.

Given that we're effectively picking up from Jesus' 'clearing' of the temple, inevitably a confrontation with the Pharisees, the high priest and one or two representatives of other Jewish sects ensues. Here and throughout, Jonathan Roumie delivers a strong performance as Jesus: passionate, wise, compassionate, charismatic and occasionally funny, his performance is the glue that really holds The Chosen together. And here the demands on Roumie are increasing. This is no longer a case of convincingly impressing the crowds, but to balance Jesus's knowledge of his divine calling with his knowledge that doing so entails pain, suffering and rejection.

Scholars often talk about the different portraits of Jesus that come through when comparing the different Gospels. Here, though, there's a sense of a different Jesus compared to previous series (seasons). My criticism of the climax of Part 1 was that the reasons for "why Jesus acts in quite such an extreme way...don’t quite add up...(to) such a violent swing in personality" and interestingly this is not only something that some of the disciples question themselves, but also something that is repeated during this part of the show as well.

Two incidents really stand out in this respect. The first is his one on one discussion with Judas while they are keeping away from the crowds in Phoebe's house (I expect great things from her, eventually). It's preceded by a similar one to one with John, in the same room, but the nature of the conversation could not be more different. With John, Jesus is relaxed, occasionally smiling. The two men sit side by side and laugh, do a slightly awkward retelling of the Jephthah story, reflect on Greek art and literature and occasionally underline their emotional intimacy with physical touch.

In contrast Judas and Jesus sit opposite each other across a table (see above image) as if it's a terse supervisory meeting. They barely, if ever, touch. Judas is questioning Jesus, but rather than the understanding, or even encouragement he has exhibited with the other disciples, Jesus seems closed off and tetchy with his would-be betrayer. I can't remember (after a single viewing) if Jesus raises his voice, but certainly that's the atmosphere in the room.

And this is after two earlier confrontations with the Shmuel and some of his colleagues from the Sanhedrin. Having clashed immediately after the turning of the table, a handful of Jewish leaders decide to try and catch Jesus out with clever questions. When they fail, he eventually turns on them and unloads an abridged version of the seven woes (Matt 23) that's second only in tone to Enrique Irazoqui/Enrico Salerno in Il vangelo secondo Matteo (Pasolini, 1964).

The most extreme example is when Jesus unleashes his ire on a fig tree – also memorably captured by Pasolini for Il vangelo. This really does come off as frustration-induced anger, even though the next day Jesus tries to pass it off – in one of those bits of expository dialogue which The Chosen is littered with – as a symbol of the temple looking ready but not bearing fruit, but I can't say that, on the basis of the show, I buy it. I'm glad they included this often-overlooked passage, particularly as the opted for the version in Mark where the tree doesn't wilt until the next day to die, but Jesus does not seem himself. Even his disciples have noticed. 

For me, something's a tiny bit off here. If Jesus were supposed to be merely human, this would make a lot of sense, his slightly more volatile mood would just be an understandable reaction to the stress and anxiety he feels about the pressure he's under. But he's not. The show has gone to some lengths to portray him as divinely wise, forbearing and person-centered. It would be one thing if that simply faded here (and the fact that the disciples comment on it does mitigate this somewhat). It's that these moments are presented as if nothing is awry. But as a recent case in the UK has demonstrated, deliberately destroying trees goes against basic standards of decent behaviour. To both literalise the story and expect modern audiences to accept this version of Jesus to calculatedly commit vandalism just to make a point, seems to go against his character arc in the show so far (even if it the incident is in the Bible).

What is good here, though, is the way the disciples themselves question Jesus' change in behaviour. They don't just go along with everything as they do in other on-screen portrayals of Jesus (other than Judas for obvious reasons). They wrestle with it, worry about it and wonder if it was all worth it. If Jenkins desire is to show us Jesus through the eyes of his first followers then this is the difficult, but more rewarding approach. These feel like real challenges and if the "message" of these sections is to trust him in real life, then it's a muted and honest restatement of what that might entail, rather than sugar-coated platitudes.

So it's not just Jesus that is meandering across the emotional map. What these episodes do brilliantly is the way they portray how the disciples are coming to terms with the threat and the uncertainty that lies ahead. There's a whole range of responses to this new territory they find themselves in. Some turn into problem-solvers. Others turn to panic. They turn over Jesus' most recent actions in their minds and share their theories with the group. Sometimes their reactions are entirely fictional (but valid). Other times they deliver a line from the Bible towards which their entire character arc has been bent from the very start of the show.

It's fascinating watching the different stages the individual apostles (as they are called here for the first time) are going through. For some this seems like the first time they have actually been out of their comfort zone. Zee (Simon the Zealot) jumps behind the wall like a frightened cat when he sees a cohort of Roman soldiers approaching. Others worry that the three years they've spent following this rabbi might all have been wasted. In contrast, though, Simon Peter – previously all over the map emotionally – has really emerged as a leader, calm and level-headed under-pressure. It's made all the more poignant by the fact that we all know he has a major re-lapse ahead of him, which itself could be heart-breaking.

It's interesting too seeing the different reactions between Jesus' male disciples and his female followers, who also have an inkling of what is coming. Instead of problem solving, or arguing, their reaction is more compassionate and focussed on Jesus. In a memorable scene Jesus also has a last meal with them, where he thanks them for their support for his ministry. In some ways it feels more real because it's not confined with having to correspond with 5 chapters of John's Gospel. It ends with their own re-worked version of the Dayenu, thanking Jesus for the effect om their lives.

This episode is one of the most commented upon moments in the whole of season 5. The Dayenu is a Jewish prayer/song from a Passover seder where those assembled sequentially move through a list of things God has done which they are to be thankful for. Each speaks a couplet in the form "If he had done X, but not done Y, it would have been enough" before the next person develops the story "if he had only done Y but not done Z..." and so on. On the one hand I've seen numerous Chosen memes repeating the line "it would have been enough" on the other I've heard various people relay that the scene moved them to floods of tears. 

Here the women's version of it comes at the end of the middle episode (four) and certainly its emotional climax. It mirrors a scene from the start of the episode, from the Last Supper scene 'before the credits' where the disciples recite the proper version. But it's also intercut with the Passover celebrations taking place in Bethany where Zebedee and Salome and Mother Mary repeat the lines just as Andrew and Philip and Thomas are doing.

While appreciating the well-crafted nature of the scene and the emotional effect it has had on many, I did feel a little uncomfortable with a coupe of aspects. The first is simply that this prayer is a much later Jewish Passover song (9th century AD). This is something The Chosen does quite a bit, extrapolating much later forms of Judaism back into the first century, as if Judaism is unchanging. One only has to consider how radically Christianity changed across that same period to realise how foolish such an assumption is, and some would argue slightly offensive. Secondly it's hard to think of a more pointed example of the show's supersessionism than taking a Jewish song, directed towards the one God and rewording it to place Jesus centre-stage in God's place. Of course, we do find moves of this kind happening in the New Testament. Tom Wright, for example, argues that Paul does this in 1 Cor 8:6 where he "has placed Jesus into the middle" of the Shema (Deut. 6:4). [2]

If this was the sole example of an underlying anti-Judaism in these episodes then it would be enough that would be one thing, but there are a few other elements I disliked. Four stand out in particular: the specific wording aimed at Judas; the portrayal of Caiaphas; the Roman reaction to Jesus' activity; and the way the decision is made to kill Jesus. I've touched on some of these before, but the show is getting to the pivotal scenes, scenes which when mishandled in the past have led to terrible acts of antisemitism.

The bit that really shocked me was Jesus turning to Judas at the Last Supper and saying to him "He has you now" (it is implied, though not explicitly stated, the "he" is Satan). In fairness, John's Gospel both has Jesus call Judas "a devil" (6:70) and stating that "Satan entered him" (13:27). But the real problem is the subsequent reception of these verses. The link between Judas and the devil and with the way Judas quickly became seen as a representative of the Jews as a whole[3] combined over church history to characterise the Jews as people as given over to Satan and therefore worthy of persecution. I'd really hoped that the longer running time given to the series would develop Judas' character a little more sympathetically and to some extent it does, but this line was quite worrying. 

Of course the unusual thing about The Chosen in relation to potentially antisemitic material in other Jesus films is that in many ways the project provides considerably more nuance, background and depth to the story's traditional antagonists. Jesus' opponents are far more rounded, three-dimensional figures than they are in the majority of Jesus films. Yet this extended running times also means that there is more time to fill with a line like this one. The Chosen goes to great lengths to contextualise its stories, to be clear about the Jewish nature of the story and to honour the religious life of these people, so I find it strange when lines like this sneak through. Why did it need to be included given its history?

The portrayal of Caiaphas is also particularly bad. Sometime ago the actor playing Caiaphas (Richard Fancy) appeared on Dave Roos and Helen Bond's excellent podcast "Biblical Time Machine" [4] which rather set me at ease, but here he really does play into a lot of the stereotypes. Perhaps Caiaphas, as the most powerful Jew at that time, makes for an understandable antagonist, and a more appropriate one than Judas given the above. However, again his role is elevated here and the look, costuming, delivery and dialogue here mark him out as possibly the most irredeemable character in the series.

Certainly, as with most Jesus films, there's a huge contrast between Caiaphas and the senior Roman figures in the show. Atticus is smart. Yes, he's concerned, but he's pragmatic, decisive, witty and ultimately likeable. His concern about the problem Jesus poses is portrayed as reasonable. Pilate – historically evidenced as a butcher inside and outside the Bible – is portrayed as an uninterested fop, capable of cruelty (like a child picking wings off a fly), but easily manipulated and generally not overly concerned with the running of Jerusalem. It's shaping up to look like the Jewish leaders are going to be the ones manipulating the Romans into killing Jesus. (Not that there are many Romans in evidence in the first place).

Which brings me onto my fourth point, the way that the decision emerges to kill Jesus lacks a little definition. We had Caiaphas "prophesy" it in season 4, but the likes of Shmuel and Yanni seem to move from being extremely concerned about his blasphemy to deciding he needs to be killed far too suddenly.

It would take this review far too off-focus to unpack these issues here, but I'd respectfully ask that if you're unconvinced by these four too-brief points above, that you do some reading about the roots and effects of Christian antisemitism over the centuries and why I think even small moves in certain directions need to be resisted. It's something that every church should teach and hardly any church does.

There was another episode that the series had available that I was also concerned about going in, but for quite different reasons: the Olivet discourse (Mark 13/Matt 24-5/Luke 21). For me this is one of the key passages in the Gospels. It seems likely that recalling these words of Jesus about the destruction of the temple gave impetus to Mark in writing his story of Jesus' life and perhaps gave Christianity extra credibility in the years following Jesus' prediction coming true (in 70AD). 

Yet many interpret them in different ways, not least Jenkins' father Jerry, as relating to a still future events such as the rapture. So I liked how the various snippets found in these passages were included – as they are often missed out as seeming to weird for audiences – but not in a partisan way. Both the likes of Jerry Jenkins and the likes of me can appreciate what's included without feeling its pushing a particular agenda, which is a delicate balancing act, particularly from one (Dallas Jenkins) who has grown up at the heart of one interpretation's biggest influencer. As a side note this is one of those passages where on-screen Jesus takes John, but not Matthew, but the pericope appears in Matthew's Gospel, but not John's.

Matthew, who I think is my favourite character among the disciples, is actually a fairly minor character in these episodes. He does get one good scene with Jesus, but (understandably) the focus is much more on Judas, particularly in the final section here (episode 5). Jesus' confrontation with Shmuel and his colleagues has deeply troubled Judas and he feels Jesus' opportunity might be slipping away. Having tried, and failed, to get Peter on board, he then tries to convince Jesus himself. Both men effectively pose Judas the same question: given you acknowledge Jesus' power, why don't you accept his vision and understanding?

What is surprising is that Judas does eventually get some validation and from such an unlikely source, Philip. Upon their return to Jerusalem the disciples try to come to some understanding about the situation they find themselves in and how they are meant to respond to it. Initially Judas is at the far end of the spectrum, but then sparking off Matthew and Thomas he thinks he sees a way forward perhaps Jesus wants them to try to crucify him so he reveal his power just when he seems he is at his weakest. 

Perhaps if all the disciples had disagreed with Judas at that point, then he might have been talked out of it, but Philip agrees and so it seems that this proves decisive for Judas. I says "seems" because, oddly, the moments where Judas find his way to the high priest's house in the middle of the night is kind of skipped over. Instead these scenes are intercut with Mary Magdalene being abducted and taken secretly to be reunited with Nicodemus. It does give a pulsating conclusion to part 2, but when you reflect on it, it does so at the expense of the crucial part of Judas' journey. I'm slightly hesitant in saying that, because there were a number of my questions about part 1 that were countered early on in part 2, so maybe this material will also be covered in part 3. I do hope so.

From a technical angle, there is one particularly good use of the camera at the start of episode 5, when the disciples situated in the upper room break into small groups to discuss who the traitor might be. The camera roves between them capturing snippets of conversation before moving to another corner of the room. This highlights the fractured nature of the disciples whilst also connecting them, tying their fates together inextricably. The sets and quality of the costumes continues to impress and certain sections of this episode really did look magnificent on the big screen, justifying the decision to take this to theatres, rather than distribute it solely through streaming.

Overall, then, Last Supper: Part 2 offers an interesting exploration of the time between the clearing of the temple and the run up to its titular meal. The use of bookends and reverse-chronological ordering to enliven the Last Supper material not only works well in its own right, but will prove fascinating when I re-watch these episodes in future. Moreover, Dallas Jenkins and his team continue to demonstrate their ability to craft compelling and emotionally powerful drama from these ancient texts. As the show approaches its climax, the way they draw out the story threads of the many characters and weave them altogether into a single cloth remains hugely impressive.

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[1] I'm grateful to The Bible Artist (Kevin Keating) for his "Recap, Review and Analysis" for episodes 3, 4 and 5.
[2] Wright, Tom (1997) What Saint Paul Really Said (Lion Publishing). pp.66-7.
[3] Jerome writing in the 4th century said "Judas is cursed, that in Judas the Jews may be accursed"
[4] I also appeared on this podcast – Episode 82 "The Best and Worst Jesus Films"

Will Trump's tariffs delay The Passion of the Christ sequel?

There have been rumours about a sequel to Mel Gibson's The Passion of the Christ more or less since the film was first released in 2004. Then in 2016 The Hollywood Reporter revealed that Gibson was working on the script with Randall Wallace. There was still not much news about this in 2020 when I last wrote about the project. But stories have continued to emerge and the occasional quote has gained a bit of traction, until in March Deadline reported that the CEO Cinecittà in Rome had confirmed that filming was due to start in August 2026. (This was following on from a Joe Rogan podcast where Gibson had said he filming was due to start "next year"). [HT Peter Chattaway]

But now (once again) there's a potential fly in the ointment. Donald Trump has announced he is going to "...begin the process of instituting a 100% Tariff on any and all Movies coming into our Country" (sic.) not made in the United States. 

The movie industry has generally come out against the idea both in the US and around the world. The doubling of the price to make a film will leave many existing and planned project as unviable. So even if all things were equal, this would be bad news for Mel Gibson. If he is making his film in Italy he can either face said tariff, or suffer the higher costs of moving production back to the US.

But things are not equal because Gibson is one of three 80s movie stars who Trump has appointed as his "Special Ambassadors" to Hollywood (the others being Sylvester Stallone and Jon Voight). In the previous world of politics this would put Gibson in a bind: Not only would he have to lead by example and comply with this policy, but he's also have to try and sell it to others at the top of his profession. But then if values like this ever existed, they seem to have gone now. Perhaps Gibson will be allowed to skirt the rules, or be considered an exception. Or perhaps – having seen the success of The Chosen he will try and crowd-fund the film instead. Time will tell, I guess.

The trailer for Acts series Testament

About 15 months ago I met the producer for a series that was about to start filming a modern-day take on the book Acts of the Apostles for Angel studios (who had yet to split from The Chosen). It sounded like an interesting project and while I haven't posted about it here before, I've been keeping tabs on it. As with all these things these days there is A LOT of material produced during production to help raise the costs of making these things.

Anyway, I'm pleased to see the official trailer has finally been released, which you can see below.

Naturally, this expands some of the earlier footage we've seen. Overall the footage looks good, although I do wince a bit at the portrayal of the leaders. I'm not sure whether that's rational or just because recently I've been looking a lot at the portrayal of the authorities in 'historical' Jesus films. I'll reserve judgement on that until I see the series itself. 

The production values do look quite high, though it looks like it will have quite a grungy feel. It seems that it will be following the text of Acts fairly closely. I understand it's being released in time for Pentecost, so expect the odd post or two about this one soon.

Incidentally, I've grouped together here a bunch of posts I've made about different adaptations of Acts. There are few series of these for which I've covered every episode including The Living Bible (1957), Rossellini's Atti degli apostoli (1969), Anno Domini (1985) and AD: The Bible Continues (2015) although all of these are set in the past, rather than being a modernised take on the story.

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P.S. My friend Peter T. Chattaway has written some more extensive thoughts on the trailer at his Substack.

My interviews with The Chosen's Vanessa Benavente and Shahar Isaac

It's usually a busy few weeks for me in the run up to Easter and this year has been no exception with me trying to keep on top of three biblical dramas coming out and culminating in the same week (The animated film The King of Kings which had a strong opening weekend; Amazon Prime's series The House of David whose season finale dropped the previous week; and three instalments of The Chosen: Last Supper (season 5) which began the week before that).

As part of the build up to those releases I've been able to do some interviews, the first of which I posted on YouTube on Sunday, but I've not had a moment to share it here until just now. I got to speak to Vanessa Benavente (who plays Jesus's Mother Mary in The Chosen) and Shahar Isaac (who plays Simon Peter). Anyway, here's the video.

This is more or less the first time I've had the opportunity to interview actors, so apologies if I'm not yet at the level of Michael Parkinson / Oprah / François Truffaut. The set up threw me a bit and I need to work on how I deliver my questions, but hopefully you'll find what they had to say interesting.

I have another interview with James Arnold Taylor from The King of Kings coming shortly, so if you want more of the same, then subscribe to my channel, or keep an eye on the blog. 

The King of Kings (2025): Review

It's the busiest season of Bible films that I can remember and with The Chosen's latest cinematic instalment hitting number 2 in the US box office on its opening night, it's perhaps not surprising that other retellings of the Jesus story are also hoping to find an audience in the run up to Easter.

One such offering is The King of Kings, a 3D-animated film distributed by Angel Studios, the team formerly associated with earlier seasons of The Chosen. Officially it doesn't open in the UK until Friday (11th), but due, I imagine, to differing Easter holiday dates over here, many places are screening it from Monday, and on a similar number of screens to its better-known competitor.

While Angel are distributing it, it's been produced by Mofac studios and the creative team behind the film is South Korean, led by writer-director Seong-ho Jang. Up to now, he's been best known as a visual effects expert having established himself working with Park Chan-wook on Boksuneun naui geot (Sympathy for Mr. Vengeance, 2002). Given the current strength of Korean cinema in general at the moment, and the fact that over 30% of South Korea identify as Christian, in some senses it's only a surprise that this appears to be the first major Korean adaptation of the Gospels.

But that's if it can be considered an adaptation of the Gospels, because in many ways the film is an adaptation of a book by Charles Dickens "The Life of Our Lord" a work written in the late 1840s, but not published until 1934 upon the death of his last surviving child. To strengthen the association with the book, the opening scenes actually begin in 1840s London with Dickens on stage while trying to handle his feisty son Walter (voiced by Roman Griffin Davis). There will be a certain irony, happening up and down the country as parents in the flip-seats wrestle with their similarly-super-active children in an effort to get them to watch Dickens doing likewise.

Anyway, to placate his son, and finish the show before he entirely loses his audience, Dickens promises Walter to read him the story he's been writing about Jesus, but knowing Walter's predilection for King Arthur, he draws him in by telling him it's a story about the king of kings. And so that evening Walter,  Charles (Kenneth Branagh) his wife Catherine (Uma Thurman) sit down for its first reading and the action moves to first century Judea. Bethlehem first, to be precise. 

From then on, we occasionally flip back and forth to The Dickens family in a fashion which will be very familiar to anyone who's seen The Princess Bride, but most of the action centres on Jesus. There are however some interesting moments when the animation places Walter himself in the Jesus scenes, as a way of showing Walter's immersion in the story. It's a quirky way to do things, but I do like this in a way, not least because it reminds us of the gap between the story we have, and the events themselves. It's a way of breaking the fourth wall, I suppose.

What follows is a rapid fire trip through the main stories of the Gospels. It's been a quarter of a century since the last time an animated version of whole Jesus story made it to UK cinema screens,* but that film – The Miracle Maker – also opted for covering a lot of stories at a good pace. I plan to write a scene guide for The King of Kings so I can compare it to the Miracle Maker scene guide I created way back in 2006. 

Another interesting point of comparison, though, is with Dickens's book itself. I've only given "The Life of Our Lord" a quick look over, just to confirm that Seongho Jang's film broadly corresponds to the contours of the novel, but my friend Peter Chattaway told me in private correspondence that the specific content of the film's Jesus material diverges quite significantly from the book "you could almost argue that the film is a direct adaptation of the gospels that happens to use Dickens and his son as a storytelling device, without being *particularly* based on Dickens' book itself".

The stories that Branagh selects do form a fairly recognisable pattern. We get a nativity scene and naturally Jesus' escapades in the temple as a boy are included as it's the easiest story to relate to both for Walter (as a young boy) and the primary target audience in the cinema (or eventually streaming, I presume). There are a number of miracles – I counted nine prior to the resurrection – but only a bit of teaching before Jesus turns towards Jerusalem and is executed. 

There's a certain irony that Jesus is regularly called "Great Teacher" and yet so little of his teaching features. That's not really a criticism as this is a film squarely aimed at children. That puts a squeeze on running time and is hardly the right context for a pressing examination of Jesus' ethics. That said a few parables and the occasional famous saying might have fitted nicely. Given that, it's therefore interesting to see Jesus' message played out instead in the quotes from Dickens' A Christmas Carol as the end credits roll.

Nevertheless, this does point towards the film's presentation of Jesus. One of the key components of this, is the idea that he is exciting. This not only comes across in the way Dickens entices his son into the story in the first place, but also in how he describes Jesus. At one point he tells Walter that the King Arthur stores he adores are "based on this story". This is also reflected in the way the films opts for the more spectacular miracles. Just in terms of the medium of film, calming the sea, raising the dead etc., of course, make for good cinema, but they also make Jesus exciting in a way that perhaps the filmmakers are hoping will cut across prevailing ideas.

That leads on to the second element of the film's message: the importance of these miracles and their link to faith. At one point Dickens even summarises the purpose of Jesus' signs saying "they were miracles to  prove the power of faith". Following the feeding of the 5000 we hear "I think you're here because I fed you and you want more". 

There's a third aspect here as well, because occasionally the film parallels Jesus with Dickens himself, such as a rather protracted scene where Walter loses his cat. There are a few times where the camera cuts from Dickens to Jesus with the two men in identical poses (or vice versa), perhaps as if to convey the similarities between Jesus and a good parent. Perhaps it veers a little too far towards "My dad's a bit like Jesus", but that's a bit of a nitpick.

One thing I did find troubling, though, was the way the film portrayed Jewish involvement in Jesus' death. Someday, I will write up a detailed argument about this (beyond that which I wrote in my book), but essentially it would have been so clear to the Gospels' original audiences that Rome was the utterly dominant power that they didn't feel the need to really emphasise that: Jesus was executed by Rome on a Roman cross. Certain Jewish people are blamed in the Gospels for having some involvement with Jesus' arrest, but an overemphasis on this in the intervening years led to growing anti-Jewish sentiment and then into repeated violence by Christians against Jewish people. So how these events are treated really matters.

Unfortunately, the film leans far more into the idea that Jesus' fellow Jews were responsible for his death than the idea that the Romans were. The Romans are barely involved or shown until Jesus is dragged before Pontius Pilate, who is reluctant to allow Jesus to be killed, but gives in to the huge mob that has assembled in his courtyard.

In contrast, Jewish leaders frequently meet in darkened rooms to subversively plot against Jesus. Not only are they costumed far more religiously than Jesus and his disciples (we have little evidence as to what a Pharisees every day clothing was, but there's little reason to think it was much different from Jesus' clothing) but also some of the leading characters such as Caiaphas, for example, are caricatured in a fashion that draws on negative historic stereotypes of Jews ('hooked' noses for example). Of course, the story is being told by Dickens, whose own portrayal of Jewish characters was itself stereotyped and troubling at times, but I don't get the impression that this level of depth is what the filmmakers are exploring here. Perhaps, given the film's South Korean origins, these aspects of telling the story of Jesus' death are just not on the radar as much as they ought to be, and of course most western filmmakers fall foul of these issues too.

The appearance of the Jewish characters is not helped by the filmmakers adopting an extremely caricatured style of animation. It's obviously an artistic decision not to use life-like representations of the characters, but to go for a bolder more evocative style, and films such as Up (2009), Song of the Sea (2014) and Wallace & Gromit: Vengeance Most Fowl (2024) have all been successful, both commercially and creatively, by doing so. To some degree this is about personal taste and the overall style of animation that was used here didn't really appeal to me, but if you've seen the trailer you will know what to expect and you can make your decision on that accordingly.

That said, at times the animation is impressive. Perhaps as you might expect from a visual effects expert like Seong-ho Jang, some of the film's more spectacular moments are given a real boost by being able to draw on computer animation in this fashion. The scene where Jesus walks on water, and at the moment of Jesus' death are both able to 'move the camera' in a way that would be virtually impossible without CGI. Similarly the scene depicting Jesus' temptation is enabled to flow far more naturally than I can recall in any treatments of these passages by the way the scenery moves and morphs in the background.

There are also a few moments where 2D animation is put to excellent use. As part of Dickens setting the scene for Walter, he tells him about Moses and the Red Sea and the switch to a totally different style  of animation here really works and looks fantastic. Later, as Jesus wrestles with his emotions in the Garden of Gethsemane, there's another flashback to another Garden, Eden, and Seong-ho Jang opts again for a two-dimensional style, perfectly recreating Gustave Doré's "The Expulsion from the Garden of Eden" (1866). As an aside there's another reference to another biblical portrayal which I enjoyed. When Jesus heals someone's sight we see his face as their vision returns to them, through their eyes, as with the earlier silent film that shares its title with this film, Ceci B. DeMille's The King of Kings (1927).†

One other interesting element of the film's use of the camera is the number of shots taken from a low angle. This, obviously, emphasises that these stories are being seen from the angle of a child. This does give these moments quite a different feel. It's not uncommon for characters to look up a little bit at Jesus in Jesus films. It suggests awe, or perhaps respect and admiration, and quite a few Jesus films employ a God-shot at crucial moments, but these ultra low angles really do give a sense fo the story being told from a fresh perspective.

As you might expect from a voice-cast that includes bona fide movie stars in their own right like Oscar Isaac (Jesus), Pierce Brosnan (Pontius Pilate), Mark Hamill (Herod), Ben Kingsley (Caiaphas) and Forest Whitaker (Peter) as well as experienced, proven, old-pro voice actors such as Jim Cummings and James Arnold Taylor in multiple roles, the vocal work is excellent in this film and it does a great job of compressing a large amount of material into a necessarily short running time. While the Dickensian book-ending device does eat into that running time, it makes up for it by allowing Branagh to explain the characters' motives at various points, without that feeling forced.

Overall I think how you react to the film will largely depend on how you (and any children who you'll be watching it with) feel about the style of its animation. That said, even as someone who didn't particularly appreciate that style, there were certainly a lot of interesting aspects to it and the way in which it introduces so many parts of the Gospels in such a short time is a strength. Moreover, the cast is excellent and there are some great visual effects to be enjoyed.

The King of Kings will be in UK and Irish cinemas from the 11th April – for more information and to book your tickets visit
www.thekingofkingsfilm.com

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*There was, of course Sony's The Star (2017), but this only told the Nativity stories.
†There were a couple of other connections with Jesus movies I spotted, though these were either less deliberate or at least more incidental. Firstly, at one point Dickens calls his tale "The greatest story about the greatest king ever" which felt like a reference to The Greatest Story Ever Told (1965). Maybe that's a bit of a stretch. Secondly, the headscarves worn by some of the Pharisees and Chief Priests (who are actually differentiated in this film) have a very similar design to those in Jesus of Nazareth (1977) although this is hardly the first subsequent Jesus film to reproduce them. Lastly, the low angled shot of the woman accused of adultery was reminiscent of similar low-angled shots of this scene in The Passion of the Christ (2004).